What Is the Common Cold?
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A viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, typically caused by rhinoviruses, but also coronaviruses, adenoviruses, and others
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Symptoms often begin gradually (usually about 2 days after exposure) and include:
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Runny or stuffy nose
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Sneezing
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Sore throat
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Mild cough
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Headache, mild fatigue
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Low‑grade fever (mostly in young children)
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Usually milder and short-lived, lasting around 7–10 days; some symptoms may linger up to 2–3 weeks
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· Rarely leads to serious complications (although sinus infections, ear infections, or pneumonia may occur in vulnerable individuals)
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· No vaccine or specific medications; treatment focuses on symptom relief (rest, hydration, pain relievers, decongestants, zinc supplements, etc.)
What Is the Flu (Influenza)?
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A more severe respiratory infection caused by influenza A or B viruses
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Symptoms typically come on suddenly, usually within 1–4 days of exposure. Common signs include:
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High fever and chills
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Muscle or body aches
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Severe fatigue or weakness
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Dry cough, sore throat
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Headache
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Sometimes nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea (especially in children)
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· llness generally lasts 2–8 days, though fatigue may persist longer; complications like pneumonia, encephalitis, or worsening of chronic conditions can occur—especially in high-risk groups (children, elderly, immunocompromised)
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· A vaccine is available annually. Antiviral medication (e.g. oseltamivir) can reduce severity if started within 48 hours of symptom onset
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Prevention & Care Tips
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Practice good hygiene: handwashing, covering coughs/sneezes, disinfecting surfaces, avoiding close contact when sick
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Get your annual flu vaccine, especially if you're in a high-risk group
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For both: rest, hydrate, and use over‑the‑counter relieving medications (pain relievers, decongestants, throat lozenges). Antivirals may help if flu is diagnosed early
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Stay home while symptomatic—especially if feverish—to reduce risk of infecting others.